Determinants of Smoking Behavior in The Special Region of Yogyakarta: An Analysis Of 2024 Susenas Data
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.65310/qwg70x54Keywords:
demographic determinants, Probit model, smoking behavior, socioeconomic factors, tobacco controlAbstract
Smoking remains a major public health and socioeconomic concern in Indonesia, including the Special Region of Yogyakarta. This study examined demographic, socioeconomic, and residential determinants of smoking behavior among residents aged 15 years and older using March 2024 National Socioeconomic Survey (Susenas) data. A quantitative descriptive-analytical design was applied to 10,729 respondents, and smoking status was analyzed using Probit regression with marginal effects. The results showed that age and education were negatively associated with smoking, while gender, marital status, employment status, and urban residence were positively associated with smoking probability. Welfare also showed a negative relationship and was significant at the 10% level. Gender had the largest marginal effect, with men having a 48.93 percentage-point higher probability of smoking than women. The Likelihood Ratio test confirmed that the explanatory variables were jointly significant, while the Pseudo R-squared value of 0.3726 indicated meaningful model performance. These findings support targeted tobacco-control strategies focused on younger populations, men, lower-educated groups, workers, economically vulnerable households, and urban communities. Integrated prevention, cessation support, workplace regulation, and accessible health education are essential for reducing smoking disparities.
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