Artificial Intelligence in Education: Can AI Improve Teacher Performance or Will It Replace Them?
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.65310/fk7gcn06Keywords:
artificial intelligence, education, teacher performance, personalized learning, human-AI collaborationAbstract
The rapid advancement of artificial intelligence (AI) has transformed educational practices and generated critical debates regarding whether AI enhances teacher performance or threatens the continuity of the teaching profession. This study aims to examine the role of AI in education by analyzing its contributions, limitations, and potential relationship with human teachers. Employing a non-empirical qualitative literature review approach, this research synthesizes international scholarly publications concerning generative AI, personalized learning, classroom management, human-AI collaboration, and the human dimensions of teaching. The findings indicate that AI significantly improves educational efficiency through automation, adaptive learning support, and data-driven instructional assistance. Nevertheless, AI remains limited in performing affective, ethical, and relational functions that constitute essential components of effective teaching. The study concludes that AI is unlikely to replace teachers entirely but will reshape their professional roles through collaborative human-AI models. This research contributes to the theoretical development of hybrid intelligence perspectives in education and provides a comprehensive understanding of technology integration that preserves the centrality of human pedagogical expertise.
Downloads
References
Alam, A. (2021, December). Should robots replace teachers? Mobilisation of AI and learning analytics in education. In 2021 international conference on advances in computing, communication, and control (ICAC3) (pp. 1-12). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICAC353642.2021.9697300.
Alam, A. (2021, November). Possibilities and apprehensions in the landscape of artificial intelligence in education. In 2021 International conference on computational intelligence and computing applications (ICCICA) (pp. 1-8). Ieee. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICCICA52458.2021.9697272.
Albdrani, R. N., & Al-Shargabi, A. A. (2023). Investigating the Effectiveness of ChatGPT for Providing Personalized Learning Experience: A Case Study. International journal of advanced computer science & applications, 14(11). https://doi.org/10.14569/IJACSA.2023.01411122.
Baidoo-Anu, D., & Ansah, L. O. (2023). Education in the era of generative artificial intelligence (AI): Understanding the potential benefits of ChatGPT in promoting teaching and learning. Journal of AI, 7(1), 52-62. https://doi.org/10.61969/jai.1337500.
Chan, C. K. Y., & Tsi, L. H. (2023). The AI revolution in education: will AI replace or assist teachers in higher education?. arXiv preprint arXiv:2305.01185. https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2305.01185.
Chen, L., Chen, P., & Lin, Z. (2020). Artificial intelligence in education: A review. IEEE access, 8, 75264-75278. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2020.2988510.
Day, M. J. (2026, December). Can artificial intelligence replace human teachers? Preservice teachers’ perspectives on AI in education through the TPACK framework. In Artificial Intelligence in Education (Vol. 2, No. 1, pp. 147-168). Emerald Publishing Limited. https://doi.org/10.1108/AIIE-08-2025-0216.
Declercq, L., De Wever, B., & Tuytens, M. (2024, May). Perceptions of collaboration between virtual and human teachers in online education. In Proceedings of the International Conference on Networked Learning (Vol. 14). https://doi.org/10.54337/nlc.v14i1.8158.
Edwards, B. I., & Cheok, A. D. (2018). Why not robot teachers: artificial intelligence for addressing teacher shortage. Applied Artificial Intelligence, 32(4), 345-360. https://doi.org/10.1080/08839514.2018.1464286.
Fitria, T. N. (2023). The use of artificial intelligence in education (AIED): Can AI replace the teacher's role?. Epigram, 20(2), 165-187. https://doi.org/10.32722/epi.v20i2.5711.
Hadi, J. K., Latifah, H., Fuadi, D. A., Fauzan, F., Christiana, Y., Hidayat, T., & Rifa’i, R. I. (2025). Kolaborasi Manusia-Mesin Dalam Pendidikan: Strategi Guru Beradaptasi Dengan Teknologi AI. RIGGS: Journal of Artificial Intelligence and Digital Business, 4(2), 6329-6333. https://doi.org/10.31004/riggs.v4i2.1583.
Ismail, A., Aliu, A., Ibrahim, M., & Sulaiman, A. (2024). Preparing teachers of the future in the era of artificial intelligence. Journal of Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning and Neural Network, 44, 31-41. https://doi.org/10.55529/jaimlnn.44.31.41.
Joshi, S., Rambola, R. K., & Churi, P. (2021, January). Evaluating artificial intelligence in education for next generation. In Journal of Physics: Conference Series (Vol. 1714, No. 1, p. 012039). IOP Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1714/1/012039.
Kolchenko, V. (2018). Can modern AI replace teachers? Not so fast! Artificial intelligence and adaptive learning: Personalized education in the AI age. HAPS educator, 22(3), 249-252. https://doi.org/10.21692/haps.2018.032.
Louis, M., & ElAzab, M. (2023). Will AI replace teacher?. International Journal of Internet Education, 22(2), 9-21. https://doi.org/10.21608/ijie.2023.312491.
Melweth, H. M. A., Alkahtani, A. S., & Al Mdawi, A. M. M. (2024). The impact of artificial intelligence on improving the quality of education and reducing future anxiety among a sample of teachers in Saudi Arabia. Kurdish Studies, 12(2), 5741-5758. https://doi.org/10.58262/ks.v12i2.426.
Mounkoro¹, I., Uberas, A. D., Cadelina, F. A., Saleem, M. U., Maryam, S., Almagharbeh, W. T., ... & Hidayatallah, Z. (2024). Integrating AI in classroom management: improving educational efficiency and teacher workflows. https://doi.org/10.52783/jisem.v10i45s.9033.
Nikitina, I., & Ishchenko, T. (2024). The impact of ai on teachers: support or replacement?. Scientific Journal of Polonia University, 65(4), 93-99. https://doi.org/10.23856/6511.
Okulicz-Kozaryn, W., Artyukhov, A., & Artyukhova, N. (2026). Will AI Replace Us? Changing the University Teacher Role. Societies, 16(1), 32. https://doi.org/10.3390/soc16010032.
Pahi, K., Hawlader, S., Hicks, E., Zaman, A., & Phan, V. (2024). Enhancing active learning through collaboration between human teachers and generative AI. Computers and Education Open, 6, 100183. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.caeo.2024.100183.
Parab, A. K. (2020). Artificial intelligence in education: teacher and teacher assistant improve learning process. International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology, 8(11), 608-612. https://doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2020.32237.
Pila, A. (2023). Will artificial intelligence overcome teachers that just addresses content? A inteligência artificial vai superar os professores que apenas abordam o conteúdo?. Concilium, 23(14), 393-405. https://doi.org/10.53660/CLM-1590-23J20.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Nida Ul Hasanah, Amar Ali Aulia, Muhammad Azhar Abdillah, Novel Daud Poedjiono (Author)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
