Meaningful Participation and Remedial Design in Indonesia’s Omnibus Lawmaking
Keywords:
Constitutional Review, Meaningful Participation, Omnibus Law, Public Participation, Legislation .Abstract
This study examines how Indonesian constitutional doctrine transformed public participation from a procedural opportunity into a reviewable component of lawmaking, and how that transformation interacts with the omnibus method. Using doctrinal legal research and structured case comparison, it analyzes the 1945 Constitution, Law No. 12 of 2011 as amended by Law No. 13 of 2022, Law No. 6 of 2023, and Constitutional Court Decisions No. 91/PUU-XVIII/2020 and No. 50/PUU-XXI/2023. The analysis codes participation duties across access, hearing, consideration, explanation, timing, and remedial consequence. Findings show that Decision No. 91/PUU-XVIII/2020 supplied a three-right constitutional vocabulary—being heard, considered, and explained—while the 2022 amendment translated parts of that vocabulary into statutory procedure. However, the legal effect of participation defects remains context-dependent, especially where emergency regulation and later legislative approval alter the sequence of public involvement. The article develops a remedial matrix distinguishing curable informational defects, deliberative defects affecting legislative legitimacy, and defects that undermine the constitutional formation process itself.
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