International Journal of Applied Research and Innovation
Resocia: International Journal of Applied Research and Innovation is a peer-reviewed, open-access academic journal that publishes high-quality applied research and innovative studies across multidisciplinary fields. The journal serves as an international platform for researchers, academics, professionals, and policymakers to share original research, interdisciplinary insights, and practical solutions addressing real-world challenges. Resocia is published quarterly (January, April, July, and October), applies a no-fee publication policy, and promotes inclusive, ethical, and accessible scholarly communication to support sustainable development, technological advancement, and evidence-based decision-making.
Business Finance and Value-Added Evaluation of Pagar Alam Robusta Coffee (Coffea Canephora) Functional Product with the Addition of Crude Catechin Extract from Gambir (Uncaria gambir (Hunter) Roxb)
This study evaluates the value added, operational cost dynamics, and ex-ante capital budgeting of full-wash Pagar Alam Robusta coffee enriched with a four percent crude catechin extract from gambier. Primary empirical processing parameters from field processing units were integrated into a enterprise simulation operating at 270 kilograms per cycle. Value-added transformation was determined using the Hayami method, while multi-year feasibility was evaluated over a five-year horizon discounted at four point seven five percent. Results show that the functional formulation yields a value-added margin of IDR 189,265 per kilogram, representing a value-added ratio of 52.57 percent. At full cycle capacity, the unit production cost of IDR 130,682 per kilogram and a cost-plus retail price of IDR 347,000 per kilogram generate an operational surplus of IDR 58,405,833 per batch. Discounted cash flow analyses indicate an ex-ante net present value of IDR 434,485,985.07, an internal rate of return of 51.80 percent, and a benefit-cost ratio of 1.031 against an initial outlay of IDR 250,650,000. Therefore, bio-fortifying Robusta coffee with natural catechins represents a financially feasible agro-industrial enterprise.
Crude Catechin Extract, Financial Feasibility, Full-Wash Processing, Robusta Coffee, Value Added
Copyright (c) 2026 Noviyanti Noviyanti, Eka Lidiasari, Budi Santoso (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Performance of Bamboo Handicraft MSMEs as a Source of Supplementary Income in Wonokarto Village, East Lampung
Bamboo weaving micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs) play an important role in supporting rural household income in Wonokarto Village, East Lampung, yet their performance is constrained by irregular bamboo raw material availability and operational limitations. This study aims to analyze bamboo availability, identify the factors influencing MSME performance, and evaluate the income generated by bamboo weaving enterprises. An empirical mixed-methods approach was employed using census sampling involving 42 bamboo weaving artisans. Primary data were collected through questionnaires, interviews, field observations, and documentation, while secondary data were obtained from official statistics and relevant literature. Bamboo availability was analyzed descriptively, MSME performance determinants were examined using ordinal logistic regression, and income was estimated through revenue-cost analysis. The results indicate that bamboo availability is generally adequate but remains constrained by inconsistent supply continuity. Time efficiency and production output significantly influence MSME performance, with odds ratios of 18.37 and 21.01, respectively, whereas cost efficiency and product diversification show no significant effects. The regression model explains 49.3% of the variation in MSME performance. Average monthly production reached 49 units, generating a net income of IDR 1,161,798.13, with kurungan ayam balian accounting for 41% of total sales
Bamboo Handicrafts, East Lampung, MSME Performance, Ordinal Logistic Regression, Production Efficiency.
Copyright (c) 2026 Anggie Agustin, Sri Indaryati, Eny Ivans (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
The Discrepancy Between Students’ Economic Knowledge and Their Consumption Behavior: A Phenomenological Study at SMAN 1 Kampar Timur, Kampar Timur Subdistrict, Kampar Regency, Riau Province
This study examines the structural divergence between formal academic comprehension and actualized financial practices among secondary school students. Operating within a nonempirical qualitative phenomenological framework, the research integrates Mezirow Transformative Learning Theory and cognitive dissonance models to map how formal economic concepts fail to transition from cognitive acquisition to affective and konative execution. Utilizing Colaizzi descriptive phenomenological method to analyze lived experiential narratives, the study uncovers an intense intellectual gap where textbook financial literacy is systematically neutralized by external consumer stimuli. The structural findings reveal three dominant behavioral typologies driving adolescent spending choices, which are self gratification, social acceptance, and identity oriented consumption. These patterns are heavily reinforced by persuasive digital choice architectures, algorithmic social media marketing, and immediate peer group survival mechanics that bypass rational utility maximization. The investigation concludes that standard instructional methodologies remain isolated from student lifestyle choices without a pedagogical framework that addresses emotional and social dimensions. To bridge this critical knowledge-behavior gap, educational institutions must restructure current curricula to prioritize reflective critical literacy, character development, and personalized economic self regulation.
Consumption Behavior, Economic Knowledge, Phenomenological Study, Transformative Learning, Cognitive Dissonance
Copyright (c) 2026 Yanti Angraini, Daru Wahyuni (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Digital Health Interventions for Parental Engagement in Early Childhood Nutrition and Feeding: A Review
This review synthesizes global empirical evidence regarding digital health interventions designed to optimize parental engagement within early childhood nutrition and feeding frameworks. By systematically analyzing diverse modalities such as mobile applications, specialized websites, text messaging platforms, and interactive social media, the synthesis characterizes parental involvement patterns across multi dimensional behavioral trajectories and exposure frequencies. The extracted findings indicate that although advanced digital architectures successfully deliver tailored educational resources and evidence based behavior change mechanisms, sustaining active caregiver usage beyond initial uptake remains a critical challenge. Significant improvements in child dietary outcomes and parental responsive feeding practices are heavily concentrated within high active usage thresholds, whereas passive platform exposure yields minimal or transient behavioral shifts. Furthermore, intervention efficacy is strongly moderated by structural socio demographic variables, revealing profound equity divides where resource constrained families face heightened attrition driven by digital literacy limitations. Consequently, advancing pediatric nutritional health systematically necessitates a paradigm shift toward inclusive user centered architectures integrated within routine healthcare services to stabilize long term caregiver engagement across diverse populations.
Parental Engagement, Digital Health, Child Feeding, Nutrition Behavior, Health Equity.
Copyright (c) 2026 Noor Diah Erlinawati, Kezia Elian Devina, Hilda Taurina, Marisadonna Asteria, Nugrahayu Widyawardhani (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
AI and the Future of Work: Threat or Opportunity?
This study examines the role of Artificial Intelligence (AI) has become one of the most influential technological innovations shaping the future of employment, generating extensive debate regarding its potential to function as either a source of labor displacement or a catalyst for workforce development. This study aims to analyze the dual implications of AI for the future of work by examining employment restructuring, workforce adaptation, and governance challenges associated with intelligent technologies. The research employs a non-empirical design based on a structured literature review and integrative analytical framework that synthesizes insights from labor economics, digital transformation studies, innovation research, and workforce adaptation theories. The findings indicate that AI transforms labor markets by automating selected tasks while simultaneously creating new professional opportunities and enhancing organizational productivity. The analysis further demonstrates that workforce resilience increasingly depends on digital literacy, continuous learning, critical thinking, and adaptive competencies capable of complementing intelligent systems. Governance issues, including algorithmic bias, workplace surveillance, accountability, and inequality, emerge as critical determinants of sustainable technological integration. The study concludes that the future impact of AI is contingent upon effective collaboration among governments, industries, educational institutions, and society to ensure inclusive, ethical, and sustainable employment transformation in the digital era.
Artificial Intelligence, Future of Work, Employment Transformation, Workforce Adaptation, AI Governance.
Copyright (c) 2026 Teguh Budianto, Muhlis Muhlis, Azkiya Haliza Zahro, Diki Permana (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Implementation of Good Governance by Village Governments in Efforts to Improve The Quality of Public Services
Population administration services constitute one of the most fundamental public services and serve as an important indicator of the quality of village governance. The implementation of good governance principles is essential for strengthening public service delivery and supporting the realization of the Integrity Zone (ZI) toward a Corruption-Free Zone (WBK) and a Clean and Service-Oriented Bureaucracy Zone (WBBM). This study aims to analyze the implementation of good governance in population administration services at the Weragati Village Government, identify existing institutional challenges, and examine the alignment between current service practices and the Integrity Zone framework. A qualitative descriptive approach was employed using in-depth interviews, field observations, and document analysis. Data were analyzed through data condensation, data display, and conclusion drawing. The findings reveal that population administration services have generally reflected the principles of accountability, transparency, professionalism, and nondiscrimination. However, governance implementation remains insufficiently institutionalized due to the absence of standardized service procedures, uncertain service completion times, limited digital information management, and ineffective complaint mechanisms. These shortcomings indicate that current service practices have not fully satisfied the institutional requirements of the Integrity Zone framework. The study concludes that strengthening standardized governance systems and institutional management is essential for improving sustainable public service quality at the village level.
Good Governance, Integrity Zone, Population Administration Services, Public Service Quality, Village Government.
Copyright (c) 2026 Alya Sabrina Rahmadhani, Siti Khumayah (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
The Criminogenic Dynamics of Methamphetamine Abuse: A Differential Association Theory Approach
Methamphetamine abuse remains a critical challenge in Indonesia because it threatens public health, social stability, economic development, and national security. This study aims to analyze the criminogenic dynamics underlying methamphetamine abuse and to explain how social interaction and peer environments facilitate the learning of drug-related behavior through Edwin H. Sutherland's Differential Association Theory. The study employed a non-empirical qualitative design using normative juridical and criminological approaches. Secondary data were collected through an extensive review of statutory regulations, scholarly literature, previous research, court decisions, and official publications of the National Narcotics Board (BNN). The data were analyzed using qualitative content analysis. The findings indicate that methamphetamine abuse results from the interaction between internal and external criminogenic factors. Internal factors include psychological vulnerability, weak self-control, identity exploration, and curiosity, whereas external factors comprise family disorganization, deviant peer associations, weakened social control, educational limitations, and economic hardship. Differential Association Theory further explains that methamphetamine abuse is acquired through sustained interaction within intimate social groups, where individuals learn criminal techniques, motives, rationalizations, and favorable definitions toward drug use. These findings suggest that effective prevention requires integrated strategies combining family strengthening, positive social environments, education, rehabilitation, and sustained law enforcement to disrupt criminogenic social learning processes.
Criminogenic Dynamics, Differential Association Theory, Methamphetamine Abuse, Narcotics Crime, Social Learning.
Copyright (c) 2026 Mardana Rifta Oktaviana, Anis Widyawati, Indah Sri Utari (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Beyond Punishment: A Criminological Analysis of Social Determinants of Criminal Behavior in Contemporary Society
Criminal behavior has traditionally been examined through punishment-oriented frameworks that emphasize individual responsibility and legal accountability. Contemporary criminological scholarship increasingly demonstrates that crime is strongly influenced by social determinants operating within broader structural environments. This study analyzes the relationship between social determinants and criminal behavior in contemporary society using a normative criminological approach supported by conceptual, sociological, and criminological analyses. The findings indicate that socioeconomic inequality, social exclusion, educational deprivation, family dysfunction, structural discrimination, community disorganization, and technological transformation constitute significant factors contributing to criminal conduct. These determinants create criminogenic conditions that increase vulnerability to offending and facilitate the persistence of criminal activities across different social contexts. The study further finds that punishment-centered criminal justice policies possess limited effectiveness in addressing the underlying causes of crime, particularly regarding recidivism and long-term behavioral change. Preventive strategies emphasizing rehabilitation, social inclusion, educational development, community strengthening, and institutional reform demonstrate greater potential for sustainable crime reduction. Effective criminal justice systems therefore require integration between substantive criminal law, preventive social policies, and evidence-based criminological interventions to address both legal violations and their structural causes.
Social Determinants of Crime; Criminal Behavior; Criminology; Crime Prevention; Criminal Justice Policy.
Copyright (c) 2026 Deo Renaldi Saputra, Indah Sri Utari, Anis Widyawati (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Retaining Generation Z Talents in The Hospitality Industry: A Systematic Review and Framework for Bali's Tourism Workforce Development
This study aims to identify the factors influencing Generation Z talent retention in the hospitality industry and to develop a contextualized retention framework for Bali's tourism workforce. A Systematic Literature Review (SLR) was conducted following the PRISMA guidelines, resulting in the inclusion of 31 peer-reviewed journal articles for qualitative synthesis. The findings indicate that Generation Z retention is determined by three interrelated dimensions: intrinsic factors, including meaningful work, work-life balance, and psychological well-being; extrinsic factors, comprising transparent career pathways, fair compensation, collaborative leadership, and inclusive organizational culture; and contextual factors rooted in local cultural values. The review also identifies effective retention strategies, including digital recruitment, structured onboarding, flexible work arrangements, continuous competency development, and holistic well-being initiatives. By contextualizing global evidence within Bali's tourism environment, this study proposes a three-pillar retention framework integrating intrinsic, extrinsic, and contextual dimensions, with Tri Hita Karana and gotong royong serving as key cultural foundations. The proposed framework contributes to hospitality human resource management by providing practical guidance for developing a sustainable and culturally responsive tourism workforce.
Generation Z, Hospitality Industry, PRISMA, Talent Retention, Tourism Workforce.
Copyright (c) 2026 Ari Agustini I Gusti Ayu, I Gusti Ayu Ari Agustini, Vivi Vivi, Fang Jie (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
The Legal Validity of Sale and Purchase Deeds Executed Before a Land Deed Official (PPAT) Based on Land Statement Letters for Certified Land in Pidie Jaya Regency
Sale and Purchase Deeds (Akta Jual Beli/AJB) constitute the principal legal instrument for registering the transfer of land rights within Indonesia's land administration system. This study examines the legal validity of AJBs executed by Land Deed Officials (PPATs) based on Land Statement Letters (Surat Keterangan Tanah/SKT) for land that has already been formally certified in Pidie Jaya Regency. An empirical juridical method was employed using statutory and socio-legal approaches. Primary data were collected through interviews with PPATs, Land Office officials, village heads (keuchik), and community members, while secondary data were obtained from legislation, legal literature, and relevant scholarly publications. The findings reveal that the continued use of SKTs is primarily influenced by limited public awareness regarding existing land certificates, weaknesses in village-level land administration, and inadequate implementation of the precautionary principle by PPATs during documentary verification. Legally, an SKT cannot replace a land certificate as the strongest evidence of registered ownership. Consequently, the practice creates legal uncertainty, weakens the evidentiary foundation of land transfer transactions, delays ownership registration, and may result in administrative liability for PPATs. Strengthening documentary verification, institutional coordination, and public legal awareness is essential to ensure legal certainty and legal protection in the transfer of registered land rights.
Land Deed Official (PPAT), Land Statement Letter (SKT), Legal Certainty, Sale and Purchase Deed, Transfer of Land Rights.
Copyright (c) 2026 Fauzan Fauzan, Eddy Purnama, Ilyas Ismail (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Family Empowerment to Improve Dietary Adherence Among Pregnant Women with Gestational Diabetes in the Sumbersari Community Health Center Service Area, Jember
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a growing global maternal health concern that increases the risk of adverse outcomes for both mothers and infants. In Indonesia, the prevalence of GDM continues to rise due to changes in lifestyle, dietary habits, and metabolic risk factors among pregnant women. Dietary management remains the cornerstone of GDM treatment; however, maintaining adherence to dietary recommendations is often challenging because pregnant women must consistently modify long-established eating behaviors. Family involvement is increasingly recognized as an important factor that may enhance adherence to therapeutic diets during pregnancy. This study aimed to analyze the relationship between family empowerment and dietary adherence among pregnant women with GDM in the Sumbersari Community Health Center service area, Jember. A quantitative study with an observational analytic and cross-sectional design was conducted involving 45 third-trimester pregnant women diagnosed with GDM. All eligible participants were included using a saturated sampling technique. Data were collected through validated questionnaires measuring family empowerment and dietary adherence and were analyzed using the Chi-square test. The results revealed a significant relationship between family empowerment and dietary adherence (p = 0.000; p < 0.05). Pregnant women who received greater family empowerment demonstrated higher levels of dietary adherence. Strengthening family-centered interventions may improve dietary compliance and support better glycemic control among women with GDM.
Dietary Adherence, Family Empowerment, Gestational Diabetes Mellitus, Glycemic Control, Maternal Health.
Copyright (c) 2026 Eni Subiastutik, Yurissetiowati Yurissetiowati (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Copyright Protection for Digital Content on Social Media in Indonesia
The rapid expansion of social media has transformed the creation, distribution, and commercialization of digital content, generating new challenges for copyright protection in Indonesia. This study examines the adequacy of Indonesian copyright law in addressing the evolving dynamics of digital content circulation within platform based environments. Employing a non empirical normative legal research design, the study integrates statutory, conceptual, and case approaches to analyze legal materials, regulatory frameworks, judicial reasoning, and contemporary scholarly discourse. The findings indicate that Indonesian copyright law provides a substantial normative foundation for recognizing ownership, economic rights, and moral rights of digital creators. Nevertheless, significant enforcement obstacles persist due to technological acceleration, platform mediated dissemination, digital anonymity, cross border activities, and limited public awareness. The analysis further reveals a regulatory gap between formal legal protection and practical enforcement effectiveness. To address these challenges, the study proposes an adaptive copyright protection model that combines Digital Rights Management, automated detection technologies, strengthened platform accountability, digital literacy initiatives, coordinated institutional enforcement, and international legal cooperation. This integrated framework offers a forward looking strategy for enhancing copyright governance and ensuring sustainable protection of digital creativity in Indonesia.
Copyright Protection, Digital Content, Social Media, Digital Governance, Intellectual Property.
Copyright (c) 2026 Tansya Hadiansyah Ramdi, Ghazyan Hidzyam Haqqani, Bimo Satrio Wicaksono, Ikhwan Aulia Fatahillah (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
The Legal Status of Ghostwriters in Copyright Assignment Agreements: A Perspective on Moral Rights and Economic Rights
This study examines the legal status of ghostwriters within copyright assignment agreements by analyzing the interaction between moral rights and economic rights under Indonesian copyright law. The research employs a non empirical legal method based on statutory interpretation, conceptual analysis, and doctrinal synthesis. Primary legal materials consist of Law Number 28 of 2014 concerning Copyright and representative ghostwriter contractual arrangements, while secondary materials include contemporary scholarship on authorship, copyright ownership, contractual transfer mechanisms, and moral rights theory. The analysis demonstrates that ghostwriters retain their legal position as original creators despite contractual concealment of their identities and the transfer of economic interests to clients. Copyright assignment agreements function primarily as instruments for transferring exploitation rights and commercial benefits rather than authorial status. The findings further reveal a persistent normative tension between freedom of contract and the inalienable nature of moral rights. Although clients may acquire extensive economic control over a work, rights of attribution and integrity remain legally connected to the ghostwriter. The study concludes that copyright law accommodates commercial transfer while preserving continuing legal protection for creators, thereby establishing a balanced framework between contractual autonomy and author centered copyright principles.
Ghostwriter, Copyright Assignment, Moral Rights, Economic Rights, Copyright Law.
Copyright (c) 2026 Annura Nazwa Maulida Hidayat, Hasna Hamidah, Sanabila Khairil Ahya, Nanang Naisabur (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Regulations on Recidivism in Corruption Crimes and Their Implications for the System of Aggravated Sentencing
Regulations regarding recidivism in corruption offenses are a key aspect of the system of aggravated penalties, which aims to deter repeat offenders. However, Indonesian positive law still faces normative challenges regarding the regulation of recidivism in corruption offenses. This study aims to analyze the issues surrounding the regulation of recidivism in corruption crimes from the perspective of criminal law policy and its implications for the system of aggravated penalties. This study employs a normative legal research method with a qualitative approach, utilizing both a legislative and a conceptual framework. The findings indicate that Law No. 31 of 1999 as amended by Law No. 20 of 2001 does not explicitly regulate the concept, requirements, and mechanisms for applying recidivism. This situation creates a legal vacuum that leads to legal uncertainty, potential conflicts of law, and disparities in sentencing within the judicial system. Furthermore, the regulations on corruption were last updated in 2001, meaning that, in substance, they have been in effect for more than two decades without significant changes, even though social and economic dynamics and the methods of corruption continue to evolve. This situation has the potential to create various legal loopholes that can be exploited to commit acts of corruption. Therefore, it is necessary to explicitly reformulate the recidivism provisions in the Law on the Eradication of Corruption in order to strengthen the system of aggravated penalties and enhance the effectiveness of anti-corruption policies.
Copyright (c) 2026 Elinda Novita Dewi, Ali Masyhar Mursyid, Cahya Wulandari (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
The Evolution of Corporate Criminal Liability in Indonesia: A Theoretical and Comparative Analysis of Judgment No. 1405 K/Pid.Sus/2013 and the 2023 Criminal Code
This study examines the evolution of corporate criminal liability in Indonesia through a theoretical and comparative analysis of Supreme Court Decision Number 1405 K/Pid.Sus/2013 and the regulatory framework introduced by Law Number 1 of 2023 concerning the Indonesian Criminal Code. The research aims to analyze how the construction of corporate liability has developed from a model centered on individual attribution of fault toward a more systemic and organizational form of responsibility. This study employs normative legal research with statutory, conceptual, and case approaches. The primary legal materials include the Supreme Court decision and relevant statutory provisions governing corporate criminal liability, while secondary materials consist of scholarly articles and legal literature discussing modern corporate liability doctrines. The findings show that the Supreme Court decision still relies on identification theory, where the actions and intentions of corporate managers are attributed to the corporation. In contrast, the 2023 Criminal Code introduces broader parameters of liability, including failure to prevent, omission, and control by beneficial owners. This shift reflects a significant transformation toward organizational liability, strengthening the effectiveness of criminal law enforcement against corporate crimes in Indonesia
Corporate criminal liability, Identification theory, Organizational liability, Corporate crime, Indonesian Criminal Code 2023.
Copyright (c) 2026 Deo Renaldi Saputra, Ali Masyhar, Cahya Wulandari (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
The Impact of Policy and Resources on Public Service Performance: The Mediating Role of Implementer Attitude (A Study at Gapura Surya Nusantara Passenger Terminal)
This study examines the influence of policy and resources on public service performance through the mediating role of implementer attitude at the Gapura Surya Nusantara Passenger Terminal, Tanjung Perak Port, Surabaya. The research adopts a quantitative explanatory approach by integrating policy implementation theory and organizational resource perspectives to explain service performance dynamics within the maritime transportation sector. Data were collected from 400 passengers using structured questionnaires and analyzed through Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling. The findings demonstrate that policy, resources, and implementer attitude satisfy the required standards of reliability and validity, confirming the robustness of the measurement model. Structural analysis reveals that policy and resources exert significant positive effects on both implementer attitude and public service performance. Implementer attitude also has a significant positive effect on performance outcomes. Mediation testing confirms that implementer attitude partially mediates the relationships between policy and performance as well as between resources and performance. The study highlights the importance of combining institutional arrangements with behavioral factors to improve service quality. These findings contribute to public administration literature by providing empirical evidence from the maritime public service context and offer practical implications for strengthening passenger service management.
Policy Implementation, Organizational Resources, Implementer Attitude, Public Service Performance, Maritime Transportation.
Copyright (c) 2026 Sapit Hidayat, Siswo Hadi Sumantri, Sri Umiyati, Sudirman Sudirman (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Changing Employee Registration Numbers as a Mechanism to Avoid Permanent Employment Status: A Normative and Empirical Legal Analysis of Indonesia’s Manufacturing Sector During the Transition Period of Labor Law (2017–2024)
This study examines the practice of changing Employee Registration Numbers as a mechanism that may obscure employment continuity and affect access to permanent employment status in Indonesia’s manufacturing sector during the labor law transition period from 2017 to 2024. An explanatory mixed methods design was employed by integrating normative legal analysis with empirical survey research. The normative component analyzed major labor regulations and relevant legal scholarship, while the empirical component involved manufacturing workers who had experienced repeated fixed term employment arrangements. Documentary evidence and questionnaire data were used to assess employment continuity, legal literacy, and perceptions of contractual rights. The findings indicate that Employee Registration Number replacement frequently coincided with uninterrupted work relationships despite administrative changes. Survey results revealed limited worker understanding of fixed term and permanent employment regulations, particularly regarding the legal implications of administrative identity changes. The study further demonstrates that legal uncertainty during regulatory transition, combined with low legal literacy and weak institutional oversight, contributed to the persistence of the practice. These findings highlight the importance of strengthening labor governance, legal awareness, and enforcement mechanisms to improve employment protection and regulatory effectiveness.
Employee Registration Number, Labor Protection, Legal Literacy, Manufacturing Workers, Regulatory Transition.
Copyright (c) 2026 Achmad Fawwaz Fathurahman, Muhammad Indra Triyanto, Muhammad Fadhil (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
The Influence of Discounts, Free Shipping, and Online Reviews on Purchase Decisions with Buying Interest As an Intervening Variable Among Shopee Consumers In Surabaya
This study aims to examine and analyze the influence of Discount, Free Shipping, and Online Review on Purchase Decision with Buying Interest as an intervening variable among Shopee consumers in Surabaya. The research method employed is quantitative with an explanatory approach. Data were collected through questionnaires from 104 respondents selected using a purposive sampling technique, with criteria including residency in Surabaya and having conducted transactions on Shopee. Data analysis was performed using Path Analysis via SPSS 27 software. The results indicate that Discount, Free Shipping, and Online Review have a positive and significant influence on Buying Interest both partially and simultaneously. Directly, the three independent variables also significantly influence the Purchase Decision. The Sobel Test results confirm that Buying Interest significantly mediates the influence of Discount, Free Shipping, and Online Review on the Purchase Decision. Discount was found to be the most dominant variable in influencing the consumer's final decision. These findings emphasize that economic incentives and the credibility of digital information are effective in driving tangible transactions if they are capable of generating a psychological drive in the form of buying interest first.
Copyright (c) 2026 Enisa Tunggal Dewi, Elsy Margaritha Prastisye Rihi, Siti Mujanah, Achmad Yanu Alif Fiyanto (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Rule-Based Hybrid Filtering for Skill Event Recommendation in A Multi-Platform Application
Digital skill development events require effective mechanisms for personalized event discovery and efficient administrative management. This study developed and validated SkillFest, a multi platform event management application incorporating a rule based hybrid filtering recommendation model for skill development events. The research employed an applied software engineering approach using Agile Kanban to guide requirement analysis, system design, implementation, and iterative evaluation. The recommendation mechanism combined content matching, interaction history, and explicit decision rules based on user interests, skill levels, and location preferences to support transparent recommendation generation under limited behavioral data conditions. The prototype integrated a web administration platform, a mobile application, a REST API layer, and a relational database environment. Empirical validation was conducted through API testing, functional testing, scenario based User Acceptance Testing, and White Box Testing. The results demonstrated successful implementation of event management, participant registration, recommendation delivery, QR attendance recording, certificate management, discussion forums, and reporting functions. All evaluated testing scenarios achieved successful outcomes and confirmed the reliability of core application processes. The study contributes an explainable recommendation framework that supports practical event discovery while maintaining operational feasibility during early stage deployment and prototype validation.
Rule Based Hybrid Filtering, Event Management, Recommender System, Multi Platform Application, User Acceptance Testing
Copyright (c) 2026 Anita Ratnasari, Reni Utami, Arman Juliansyah (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Accreditation Repository Architecture for Higher Education Document Management
Accreditation document management in higher education requires a system architecture that can maintain accuracy, traceability, and document accountability. This study analyzed the architecture of a web-based accreditation repository to optimize higher education document management. The research used a software engineering approach involving literature review, observation, interviews, document analysis, business process mapping, Unified Modeling Language modeling, Extreme Programming-based prototyping, black box testing, and scenario-based functional validation. The findings showed that the proposed repository architecture consists of user, interface, application service, data and document, and output layers. The developed SIPADOK prototype supported login, role-based access control, LKPS category management, document upload and preview, reviewer assignment, progress monitoring, and PDF or Excel report export. Functional testing showed that the main scenarios worked according to the expected behavior. The study indicates that document optimization is not determined only by file digitization, but also by the integration of data architecture, review workflow, access control, document status, and reporting outputs..
Accreditation Repository, Document Management, Higher Education, Software Architecture, Quality Assurance
Copyright (c) 2026 Anita Ratnasari, Mochammad Shandy, Adhy Wibawa, Michail Michail (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
The Role of Civic Education in Strengthening Political Literacy, Political Awareness, and Political Participation Among University Students: A Case Study at PGRI University Yogyakarta
This study examines the role of Citizenship Education in strengthening political literacy, political awareness, and political participation among students at Universitas PGRI Yogyakarta. Employing an empirical qualitative approach with a case study design, the research collected data through semi-structured interviews, participant observation, and document analysis involving Citizenship Education lecturers and undergraduate students who had completed the course. The findings indicate that Citizenship Education contributes significantly to the development of political literacy by enhancing students’ understanding of democratic institutions, constitutional principles, critical political analysis, and information verification skills in digital environments. The learning process also fosters political awareness through the internalization of civic values, reflective engagement with public issues, and the cultivation of democratic responsibility. Political participation is strengthened through increased involvement in student organizations, civic discussions, digital engagement, and community-oriented activities. Democratic classroom practices, contextual learning, and dialogical interactions emerged as important factors supporting civic competence development. The study demonstrates that Citizenship Education functions as a strategic mechanism for preparing politically literate, critically aware, and actively engaged citizens capable of contributing to democratic life in contemporary society.
Citizenship Education, Political Literacy, Political Awareness, Political Participation, Civic Competence.
Copyright (c) 2026 Stanislaus Jebarus, Sunarso Sunarso (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
A Comparison QoS Indihome in Tangerang and Palu
This study investigates the Quality of Service performance of IndiHome internet services in Tangerang and Palu, Indonesia, through a comparative empirical evaluation. The research integrates bandwidth assessment with multidimensional Quality of Service measurements to examine network performance under comparable operational conditions. Data were collected using Wireshark and NetWorx during controlled streaming activities employing identical content, service providers, and observation periods. The evaluated parameters included delay, jitter, packet loss, throughput, and bandwidth utilization. The findings reveal notable differences between the two locations. Tangerang exhibited superior performance in terms of delay and jitter, indicating better network responsiveness and transmission stability. Palu achieved higher throughput values, demonstrating stronger data transfer capacity under the observed conditions. Both locations recorded zero packet loss, reflecting reliable packet delivery and stable communication quality. The results indicate that throughput should not be interpreted independently because overall service quality is influenced by the interaction among latency characteristics, resource utilization efficiency, traffic management, and infrastructure conditions. The study further highlights the importance of network architecture effectiveness and bandwidth optimization in maintaining broadband service quality. These findings provide practical insights for infrastructure planning, service improvement, and digital connectivity development across geographically diverse regions
Quality Of Service, Broadband Network, Throughput Analysis, Bandwidth Utilization, Network Infrastructure.
Copyright (c) 2026 Gerry Firmansyah, Marzuki Pilliang, William Nugraha Pratama Laua, Andrih Setiawan (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Madrasah From A Historical Perspective: Its Contribution to The Development of Islamic Education in Indonesia
This study examines the historical development of madrasah and its contribution to the evolution of Islamic education in Indonesia, addressing the persistent tension between traditional religious instruction and modern educational demands. Despite extensive scholarship, existing studies often lack critical synthesis regarding institutional transformation and epistemological adaptation. This research employs a non-empirical qualitative design based on historical and literature analysis, drawing upon scholarly articles, policy documents, and academic works to construct a comprehensive analytical framework. Data were systematically selected, categorized, and interpreted using a critical-historical approach to identify patterns of institutional change and conceptual shifts. The findings reveal that madrasah have evolved through phases of informal religious instruction, institutional formalization, and modern integration, reflecting adaptive responses to socio-political and educational pressures. Curricular transformation demonstrates a hybrid epistemology that integrates religious and general knowledge, enhancing the relevance of madrasah in contemporary contexts. Additionally, madrasah play a significant socio-educational role in expanding access to education and fostering social mobility, although challenges related to quality disparities and global pressures persist. The study concludes that madrasah remain pivotal in shaping Islamic education through a dynamic balance between tradition and innovation.
Curriculum transformation, Islamic education, madrasah development, social change, socio-historical analysis.
Copyright (c) 2026 Erwin Saputra, Fatiyah Auli Armedy, Idrus L (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Empowering Female Legislators in the South Sulawesi Regional People's Representative Council
This study examines the strengthening of female legislators in the Regional People's Representative Council of South Sulawesi through a mixed empirical–normative socio-legal approach. It integrates doctrinal analysis of statutory frameworks with qualitative field data derived from interviews, document analysis, and legislative records to construct a context-sensitive empowerment model. The findings reveal that despite formal guarantees of gender equality within Indonesian legal frameworks, female legislators continue to face structural, cultural, and institutional constraints that limit their substantive participation in legislative functions. Empirical evidence highlights gaps in institutional support, unequal access to strategic political positions, and the persistence of patriarchal norms influencing legislative dynamics. The study develops a multidimensional empowerment model consisting of legal reinforcement, institutional restructuring, and capacity enhancement, which is validated through triangulation and expert evaluation. This model demonstrates the importance of aligning legal mandates with institutional practices and individual competencies to achieve gender-responsive governance. The research contributes to socio-legal scholarship by offering an empirically grounded and normatively informed framework for strengthening women’s legislative roles in decentralized political systems.
Female Legislators, Legislative Empowerment, Gender-Responsive Governance, Socio-Legal Approach, South Sulawesi.
Copyright (c) 2026 Asia A.Paranrangi, Andi Hartawati, A. Aswar (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
The Values of Admiral Malahayati’s Struggle and Their Implications for the Political Culture of Coastal Communities in Lamnga Settlement, Mesjid Raya Subdistrict, Aceh Besar Regency
This study examines the struggle values of Laksamana Malahayati and their implications for the political culture of coastal communities in Lamnga, Aceh Besar. Employing an empirical qualitative design with a phenomenological approach, the research explores how historical values are internalized, transformed, and sustained within contemporary socio political practices. Data were collected through in depth interviews with community members, cultural observers, and local leaders, supported by document analysis and triangulation techniques. The findings reveal that values such as courage, solidarity, leadership, and social responsibility continue to shape participatory practices, collective identity, and decision making processes within the community. At the same time, globalization and modernization introduce shifts toward pragmatism and individualism, particularly among younger generations, creating a dynamic interplay between tradition and change. The study also identifies multi level strategies of value preservation involving family, community institutions, and cultural practices, as well as adaptive innovations through education and digital media. The research contributes to the theoretical understanding of political culture by conceptualizing historical values as dynamic constructs that mediate continuity and transformation in coastal societies.
Laksamana Malahayati, Struggle Values, Political Culture, Coastal Communities, Value Preservation.
Copyright (c) 2026 Izza Madani, Eny Kusdarini (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Climate Change and Shifts in Migratory Bird Patterns: Evidence from Citizen Science Data in eBird
Climate change is increasingly recognized as a major driver of change in migratory bird behavior, yet comprehensive empirical assessments across broad spatial and temporal scales remain limited. This study examines how climate change influences migratory bird patterns using large-scale citizen science data from the eBird platform. By analyzing temporal shifts in migration phenology, spatial redistribution across latitudinal and elevational gradients, and implications for ecological forecasting, the study provides an integrated perspective on climate-driven migration dynamics. Results indicate consistent advancement of migration timing, increased variability in seasonal movements, and widespread redistribution of migratory routes and seasonal ranges. These patterns align with long-term warming trends, altered climatic extremes, and changing habitat suitability, and are supported by convergence with independent monitoring and modeling studies. The findings demonstrate that eBird data reliably capture complex migratory responses to climate change while offering critical insights for adaptive conservation strategies. Integrating participatory science into migration research enhances the capacity to detect early warning signals, refine predictive models, and inform cross-scale conservation planning under rapidly changing environmental conditions.
climate change, migratory birds, citizen science, eBird, migration phenology.
Copyright (c) 2026 Ashra Khadim Hussain, Moazzam Rafiq Khan (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Social Media Penetration and Voter Turnout in Southeast Asia: A Multi-Country Comparative Study Using Public Survey Data
This study examines the relationship between social media penetration and voter turnout in Southeast Asia using a multi-country comparative design based on publicly available survey data. Drawing on cross-national evidence, the analysis shows that social media access is associated with higher voter turnout, but only under specific political, institutional, and social conditions. Countries with competitive elections, higher institutional trust, and credible information environments display stronger turnout effects linked to social media use, while contexts characterized by patronage-based mobilization and political uncertainty show weaker or uneven outcomes. The study further demonstrates that campaign strategies on social media shape participation through personalization, network-based diffusion, and emotional framing, often mobilizing particular voter segments rather than the electorate as a whole. Social inequalities in education, income, gender, and civic capacity significantly moderate these effects, limiting the participatory gains of digital expansion for marginalized groups. Overall, the findings suggest that social media acts as a conditional amplifier of electoral participation rather than a universal driver of voter turnout in Southeast Asia.
social media penetration, voter turnout, Southeast Asia, electoral participation, comparative politics.
Copyright (c) 2026 Elinda Novita Dewi, Muhammad Nurfaizi Arya Rahardja, Ayu Ambarwati, Bustomi Bustomi, Wan Muna Marwah, Moh. Imron Rosidi, Anjela Karunia Amalia (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
The Impact of Interest Rate Changes on Unemployment in Developing Economies: A Time-Series Analysis (2000–2025)
This study examines the impact of interest rate changes on unemployment in developing economies using a time-series framework covering the period 2000–2025. Drawing on official international macroeconomic data and prior empirical research, the analysis explores long-run and short-run relationships between monetary policy and labor market outcomes. The findings indicate that interest rate adjustments significantly influence unemployment persistence, with tightening cycles consistently associated with higher and more durable unemployment levels. Structural factors, including sectoral composition, demographic transitions, and financial market depth, condition the strength of this relationship and generate heterogeneous employment responses across economies. Institutional characteristics such as labor market regulations, policy credibility, and coordination with fiscal measures further mediate how interest rate signals are transmitted to employment outcomes. The study also highlights the role of global financial integration in amplifying external monetary shocks and constraining domestic policy autonomy. Overall, the results suggest that interest rate policy in developing economies has enduring employment consequences that extend beyond cyclical fluctuations. Effective labor market stabilization therefore requires complementary structural reforms and coherent macroeconomic coordination alongside conventional monetary interventions.
interest rates, unemployment, developing economies, time-series analysis, monetary policy.
Copyright (c) 2026 Jigme Chozang (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Physical Activity Levels and the Incidence of Type 2 Diabetes: A Cross-Country Analysis Using WHO and World Bank Data
Type 2 diabetes mellitus represents a growing global public health and economic challenge, with incidence rates varying markedly across countries. Physical activity is widely recognized as a protective factor, yet its population-level role remains shaped by socioeconomic conditions, health system capacity, and policy environments. This study examines the relationship between national physical activity levels and the incidence of type 2 diabetes using harmonized cross-country data from the World Health Organization and the World Bank. A quantitative analytical approach was applied to assess associations while accounting for demographic structure, economic development, and institutional factors influencing disease detection and prevention. The findings indicate that countries with higher physical activity prevalence generally exhibit lower diabetes incidence, although this relationship is mediated by inequality, urbanization, and screening coverage. Economic evidence further shows that a significant share of diabetes-related health expenditure is attributable to insufficient physical activity, highlighting the high cost of inaction. Policy analysis underscores that investments in active transport, education, and community-based interventions offer substantial long-term health and economic returns. Overall, the study reinforces physical activity promotion as a globally relevant, cost-effective strategy for reducing type 2 diabetes incidence and advancing sustainable population health.
physical activity, type 2 diabetes, cross-country analysis, health economics, global prevention.
Copyright (c) 2026 Sahal Hanafi, Ilham Kurniawan, Rafidha Nur Alifah, Ina Monica Firsty, Samsul Arifin (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Performance Evaluation of Machine Learning Models for River Water Quality Prediction Using Open Environmental Sensor Data
Accurate prediction of river water quality is essential for effective environmental monitoring and sustainable water resource management. The increasing availability of open environmental sensor data enables continuous observation of key physicochemical parameters, offering new opportunities for data-driven prediction and evaluation. This study evaluates the performance of multiple predictive models for river water quality using open-access sensor datasets derived from diverse river systems. A comparative framework was applied to assess predictive accuracy, robustness, and generalization across indicators, spatial contexts, and temporal scales. Model performance was examined using standardized statistical metrics and benchmarked against official monitoring reference values reported in prior studies and regulatory reports. The findings indicate that predictive reliability varies across models and water quality parameters, with robustness strongly influenced by data quality, sensor characteristics, and environmental heterogeneity. The results further highlight the importance of transparent performance evaluation for operational monitoring, policy relevance, and decision-support applications. Overall, this study underscores that structured evaluation using open sensor data enhances the credibility, transferability, and practical applicability of river water quality prediction systems.
river water quality, performance evaluation, environmental sensor data, predictive modeling, decision support
Copyright (c) 2026 Kuldeep Sharma, Rachana Rachana (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0